Nordic Online Logic Seminar

Base-extension semantics (BeS) is a strand of PtS where proof-theoretic validity is defined relative to a given collection of inference rules regarding basic formulas of the language. Although the BeS project has been successfully developed for intuitionistic propositional logic, first-order classical logic and the multiplicative fragment of linear logic among others, its progression as a comprehensive foundation for logical reasoning is still in its early stages.

In this talk, we will explore Pt-S with a focus on BeS. First, we will introduce an ecumenical perspective to BeS, inspired by Prawitz’s proposal of a system combining classical and intuitionistic logics. The aim is to deepen our understanding of logical reasoning disagreements by investigating the ecumenical approach and developing a unified proof-theoretic foundation for logical reasoning.

We will then address a major challenge in PtS, often called its “original sin”, which is its strong reliance on the natural deduction framework. To overcome this, we propose a version of BeS that employs atomic systems based on sequent calculus rules rather than natural deduction. In this approach, structural rules are treated as properties of atomic systems rather than the logical calculus itself. This allows for a semantics of substructural logics to emerge naturally by modifying the underlying atomic systems. Furthermore, this framework supports a Sandqvist-style completeness proof, but instead of extracting a proof in natural deduction, we obtain one in sequent calculus.

This is based is an ongoing and joint work with Victor Barroso-Nascimento, Luiz Carlos Pereira and Katya Piotrovskaya.

However, these logics are typically non-substitutional, limiting their algebraic treatment and preventing the development of schematic proof systems. This limitation can be attributed to the flatness principle which is commonly adhered to in many constructions of team semantics for logics.

In this talk, we approach the formation of propositional logic of teams from an algebraic perspective, explicitly discarding the flatness principle. We propose a substitutional logic of teams that is expressive enough to axiomatize key propositional team logics, such as propositional dependence logic.

Our construction parallels the algebraic construction of classical propositional logic from Boolean algebras. The algebras we are using are powersets of Boolean algebras equipped with both internal (pointwise) and external (set-theoretic) operations. The resulting logic is clearly substitutional, and is shown to be sound and complete with respect to a labelled natural deduction system.

If time permits, we will also discuss how we might do to extend this construction to the framework of first-order logic.

Preservation theorems link semantics properties of formulas to their syntactic shape. The most famous example is the Łoś-Tarski theorem, which states that a first-order formula is preserved under induced substructures (i.e., remains true if one passes from a structure to an induced substructure) if and only if it can be written without using any existential quantifiers (assuming negation normal form). In this talk, we will review some recent results (both positive and negative) about the existence of preservation theorems for algebras of binary relations. (Algebraically, the results I will present can be equivalently viewed as addressing the question whether certain clones admit a finite set of generators).

Specifically, I will discuss results about Tarski’s relation algebra from a joint paper with Bart Bogaerts, Brett McLean, and Jan van den Bussche (LMCS 2024) as well as results about Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT) from a joint paper with Tobias Kappé (POPL 2025).

During the last years Tapani Hyttinen and I [2,3] have been looking at various models justifying the finite dimensional approaches from such textbooks. Our approaches are based on various embeddings of a Hilbert space into metric ultraproducts of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. In this talk I will present the basic ideas, their benefits and limitations. Time permitting, I will also contrast our approach to Boris Zilber’s work on the same questions, that was the original inspiration for us.

1. P.A.M. Dirac. The principles of Quantum Mechanics, 3rd ed, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1947.
2. Å. Hirvonen, T. Hyttinen, On eigenvectors, approximations and the Feynman propagator, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 170 (2019).
3. Å. Hirvonen, T. Hyttinen, On Ultraproducts, the Spectral Theorem and Rigged Hilbert Spaces, to appear in J. Symb. Log.
4. L. Schwartz, Théory de Distributions, Hermann, Paris, 1950.